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1 ὑπηρέτης
ὑπηρέτ-ης, ου, ὁ, ([etym.] ἐρέτης) [dialect] Dor. [full] ὑπηρέτας IG42(1).122.40,112 (Epid., iv B. C.), SIG1000.31 (Cos, i B. C.):—II underling, servant, attendant, Hdt.3.63, 5.111;δοῦλοι καὶ πάντες ὑ. Pl.Plt. 289c
; ὑ. [τῆς πόλεως], opp. ἄρχων, Id.R. 552b;ἡ πόλις εἰς ὑπηρέτου σχῆμα.. προελήλυθεν D.23.210
; τῶν ἰατρῶν, τῶν δικαστῶν ὑ., Pl.Lg. 720a, 873b; used in Trag. and [dialect] Att. to express all kinds of subordinate relations, as Hermes is ὑ. θεῶν, A.Pr. 954, cf. 983; the Delphians are Φοίβου ὑπηρέται, S.OT 712; Neoptolemus is ὑ. to Odysseus, Id.Ph.53; the αὐλός is ὑ. to the Chorus, Pratin.Lyr.1.7: sts. c. dat.,τῷ θεῷ ὑ. Pl.Lg. 773e
; τοῖς νόμοις ib. 715c, Arist.Pol. 1287a21; alsoοἱ περὶ τυράννους καὶ πόλεις ὑ. E.Tr. 426
; opp. οἰκέτης, X.Mem.2.10.3: c. gen. objecti, ὑ. παντὸς ἔργου a helper in every work, Id.An.1.9.18.2 at Athens,a the servant who attended each man-at-arms ([etym.] ὁπλίτης) to carry his baggage, rations, and shield, Th.3.17; sts. light-armed as slingers or bowmen, Ar.Av. 1186.b ὁ τῶν ἕνδεκα ὑ. the assistant of the Eleven, employed in executions of state-criminals, Pl.Phd. 116b, cf. X.HG2.3.54, 2.4.8.c a petty officer of the Council, IG12.879 (pl.), Hesperia 3.63 (iv B. C.).3 pl., staff-officers in immediate attendance on the general, aides-de-camp, adjutants, X.Cyr.2.4.4, 6.2.13, etc.: sg., D. 50.31; also, officer attached to τάξις, σύνταγμα, or ἑκατονταρχία, Ascl. Tact.2.9, 6.3, Ael.Tact.9.4, 16.2, Arr.Tact.10.4,14.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπηρέτης
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2 επιξεναγοί
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3 ἐπιξεναγοί
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4 επιξεναγούς
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5 ἐπιξεναγούς
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6 ἐπιξεναγός
ἐπιξενᾱγ-ός, ὁ,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιξεναγός
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7 ἔπειμι
A sum) inf. ἐπεῖναι: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ἔπεσαν Od.2.344
: [tense] fut. ἐπέσομαι, [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. -έσσομαι, 4.756, Pi.O.13.99:—to be upon, c. dat. loci,κάρη ὤμοισιν ἐπείη Il.2.259
;σῆμα δ' οὐκ ἐπῆν κύκλῳ A. Th. 591
; in Prose mostly with Prep.,ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐ. Hdt. 8.118
;ἐπὶ [τῷ ποταμῷ] πύλαι ἔπεισι Id.5.52
, cf. 7.176;ἐπὶ ταῖς οἰκίαις τύρσεις ἐπῆσαν X.An.4.4.2
: abs.,κώπη δ' ἐλέφαντος ἐπῆεν Od.21.7
, cf. 2.344, Il.5.127, A.Ag. 547, etc.2 to be upon, be set upon, of names,οὐκ ἔπεστι ἐπωνυμίη Περσέϊ Hdt.6.53
; soψεύδεσι σεμνὸν ἔπεστί τι Pi.N.7.23
;τοῖσι λόγοις σῶφρον ἔ. ἄνθος Ar.Nu. 1025
; to be attached,μελέτη δ' ἔπεστι παντί Anacreont.58.3
; ; esp. of rewards and penalties, ποινά, κέρδος ἐπέσται, A.Eu. 543 (lyr.), Ar.Av. 597;ἔπεστι νέμεσις S.El. 1467
; , cf. Pl.Lg. 943d: abs., Ταραντίνων οὐκ ἐπῆν ἀριθμός no count was taken, no number was attached, Hdt.7.170, cf. 191; to be at hand, be present,τίς τέρψις ἐπέσται; S.Aj. 1216
(lyr.);αἰσχύνη X.Cyr.6.2.33
;πιεῖν δὲ θάνατος οἶνον, ἢν ὕδωρ ἐπῇ Cratin.273
(s.v.l.); τὰ ἐπόντα accidents or characteristics, opp. τὸ ὑποκείμενον, Plot.2.4.10.II of Time, to be hereafter, remain,ἀλλ' ἔτι πού τις ἐπέσσεται Od.4.756
; to be at hand,οὐδέ τι δειλὸν γῆρας ἐπῆν Hes.Op. 114
; ἐπεσσόμενοι ἄνθρωποι generations to come, Orac. ap. Hdt.6.77, Epigr. ap. Aeschin. 3.184; ἐπεσσόμενοι alone, Theoc.12.11.III to be set over,τισί Hdt.7.96
, 8.71;ἔπεστί σφι δεσπότης νόμος Id.7.104
;τίς δὲ ποιμάνωρ ἔ.; A.Pers. 241
(troch.), cf. 555 (lyr.).IV to be added, be over and above, of numbers,χιλιάδες ἔπεισι ἐπὶ ταύτῃσι ἑπτά Hdt.7.184
, cf. 185; ἐπόντων τεσσάρων plus four, Arr.Tact.10.8; τὰ ἐπεσόμενα τούτοις (sc. προβάτοις) Arch.Pap.1.64 (ii B.C.).------------------------------------A ibo) inf. ἐπιέναι, serving in [dialect] Att. as [tense] fut. of ἐπέρχομαι: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.ἐπήϊεν Il.17.741
; [ per.] 3pl.ἐπήϊσαν Od.11.233
,ἐπῇσαν 19.445
; [dialect] Att. ἐπῇα, [ per.] 3pl. ἐπῇσαν: ἐπιείσομαι, -εισαμένη (qq. v.) belong to a different word:1 of persons, come upon, approach, Od. 16.42, etc.b mostly in hostile sense, come against, attack, c. dat., Il. 13.482, etc.;τῷ λόφῳ ἐ. Th.4.129
; in Prose also with Preps., ἐ. ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας, Hdt.7.157, Th.1.86 (v.l. πρός), etc.;πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος Id.7.4
: abs.,Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα Il.13.477
, cf. 5.238;ἐπάγοντες ἐπῇσαν Od.19.445
; οἱ ἐπιόντες the invaders, assailants, Hdt.4.11, etc.; by assault,D.
1.21; but ὁ ἐπιών in Trag., = ὁ τυχών, the first comer, , cf. OC 752.c get on the βῆμα to speak, v.l. for παριέναι in Th.1.72; come on, of performers, dub. l. in X.An.6.1.11.2 of events, come upon or over one, overtake, c. acc.,πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν Il.1.29
(butἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα Pi.I.7(6).41
); : c. dat., come near,ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπήϊεν ἐρχομένοισιν Il.17.741
; δεινῶν ἐπιόντων πᾶσι Ἕλλησι threatening them, Hdt.7.145: abs.,χειμὼν ἐπιών Hes.Op. 675
; , cf. X.Mem.4.3.14, An.5.7.12; τὸ ἐπιόν the (madness) which threatens me, Pl.Phdr. 238d.b c. dat. pers., come into one's head, occur to one, εἰ καὶ ἐπίοι αὐτῷ λέγειν if it so much as occurred to him to say.., Id.R. 388d, cf. 558a;ὅ τι ἂν ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου ἐπίῃ μοι X.Mem.4.2.4
;ἂν.. ὑμῖν ἐπίῃ σκοπεῖν D.21.185
: abs., what occurs to one,Pl.
Phdr. 264b.II of Time, come on or after: mostly in part. ἐπιών, οῦσα, όν, following, succeeding, instant, ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ἡμέρα the coming day, Hdt.3.85, Ar.Ec. 105, Pl.Cri. 44a;ἡ 'πιοῦσα λαμπὰς θεοῦ E.Med. 352
; ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Plb.2.25.11, LXXPr.27.1, Act.Ap.16.11;τῆς ἐ. νυκτός Pl.Cri. 46a
;τῇ ἐ. νυκτί Act.Ap.23.11
;ὁ ἐ. βίοτος E.Or. 1659
;τοῦ ἐ. χρόνου Pl.Lg. 769c
;ἐν τῷ ἐ. χρόνῳ X.Cyr. 2.1.23
;ἡ ἐ. ὥρα τοῦ ἔτους D.8.18
;εἰς τὴν ἐ. ἐκκλησίαν Id.21.162
, IG 22.717.16;εἰς τὴν ἐ. Πυλαίαν D.18.151
; τοὐπιόν the future, E.Fr.1073.6;τῆς ἐ. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
;περὶ τῶν ἐπιόντων D.Ep.4.3
; τῶν ἐ. ἕνεκα because of the consequences, Id.19.258.2 generally, come after, succeed,κύματα.. βάντ' ἐπιόντα τε S.Tr. 115
(lyr.); ὁ ἐπιών the successor, Id.OC 1532; ; τὰ ἐπιόντα the words which follow, Id.Prt. 344a, cf. Sph. 257c.3 rarely, pass, elapse,ἐπιόντος τοῦ χρόνου Id.Ti. 44b
.III go over a space, traverse, visit,ἀγρόν Od.23.359
;χώρους Hdt.5.74
; of an officer,ἐ. πύλας E.Ph. 1164
;τὸ στράτευμα Th.7.78
, etc.2 go over, i.e. count over,φώκας.. ἀριθμήσει καὶ ἔπεισιν Od.4.411
; think over,τῇ μνήμῃ ἕκαστα Luc.Herm.1
; read, Hld.2.6. -
8 προστάτης
A one who stands before, front-rank man, f.l. for πρωτοστάτης in X.Cyr. 3.3.41, Eq.Mag.2.2,6:—but elsewh.,II leader, chief, esp. of a democracy,προστάτεω ἐπιλαβέσθαι Hdt.1.127
, 5.23;οἱ π. τοῦ δήμου Th.3.75
, 4.46,66; οἱ τῶν δήμων π. Id.3.82;ὁ π. Κλέων Ar.Ra. 569
, cf. Eq. 1128 (lyr.); ; [Σόλων] πρῶτος τοῦ δήμου π. Arist.Ath.2.2,al.2 generally, ruler, opp. ἀστοί, A.Supp. 963; ;Κνωσίων Arr.Epict.3.9.3
; (Epirus, iii B.C.); χώρας, χθονός, E.Heracl. 964, IA 373 (troch.); τῆς Ἑλλάδος προστάται, of the Spartans, X.HG 3.1.3, cf. Isoc.4.103, D.9.23; π. τοῦ ἐμπορίου, of Greeks in Egypt, Hdt. 2.178;τοῦ πολέμου X.Cyr.7.2.23
; προστάται τῆς εἰρήνης its chief authors, Id.HG5.1.36; τῆς πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ἐπιμελείας π. D.22.78; administrator,τῆς κεχωρισμένης προσόδου PTeb.81.19
(ii B.C.); [ τοῦ ἱεροῦ] OGI531.3 (Bithynia, iii A.D.); θεᾶς ib.209.4 (Philae, iii A.D.), cf. Ostr. 412, al. (i A.D.): metaph.,ἔρως π. τῶν ἀργῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν Pl.R. 572e
.3 president or presiding officer,π. τοῦ γυμνασίου CIG2881.16
([place name] Branchidae), cf. OGI130.16 (Egypt, ii B.C.), Supp.Epigr.4.598.37 (Teos, i B.C.), IG22.1368.13; π. συνεδρίου ib.9(2).205.33 (Aetolian League); προβούλων ib.9(1).694.116 (Corc.); [ γερουσίας] ib.7.2808 (Hyettus, iii B.C.); δαμιοργῶν ib.5(1).1425.16 ([place name] Messene); [ βουλᾶς] ib.14.256.5 ([place name] Phintias);τῆς μέσης Ἀκαδημίας S.E.P.1.232
: freq. in pl., = πρυτάνεις, SIG194.15 (Amphipolis, iv B.C.), etc.; γνώμα προστατᾶν ib.187.1 (Cnidus, iv B.C.), cf. IG12(8).264.13 (Thasos, iv B.C.).III one who stands before and protects, guardian, champion, , cf. 798; ; [ τῆς ποιητικῆς] Id.R. 607d;τῆς πάντων ἐλευθερίας D.15.30
, etc.; epith. of gods, as Apollo, S.Tr. 209 (lyr.), IPE12.89 (ii A.D.).2 at Athens, etc., patron who took charge of the interests of μέτοικοι, etc.: hence ἐπὶ προστάτου οἰκεῖν live under protection of a patron, Lys.31.9, 14, Lycurg.145; προστάτην ἐπιγράφειν τινά choose as one's patron, Luc. Peregr.11; ; , cf. S.OT 882 (lyr.); νέμειν π. Arist.Pol. 1275a13; also γράφεσθαι προστάτου to be entered by one's patron's name, be attached to a patron, .3 = Lat. patronus, Plu.Rom.13, Mar.5, IG3.687, 14.1078 (Rome, iii A.D.), OGI549.6 (Ancyra, iii A.D.), etc.IV θεοῦ π. one who stands before a god to entreat him, suppliant, S.OC 1278, cf. 1171.V Medic., prostate gland, Herophil. ap. Gal.UP14.11 (v.l.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προστάτης
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9 ἀγάπη
ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ (this term has left little trace in polytheistic Gk. lit. A sepulchral ins, prob. honoring a polytheistic army officer, who is held in ‘high esteem’ by his country [SEG VIII, 11, 6 (III A.D.)] sheds light on an ex. such as Philod., παρρ. col. 13a, 3 Oliv., but s. Söding [below] 294. The restorations in POxy 1380, 28 and 109f [II A.D.] are in dispute: s. New Docs 4, 259 [lit.]; Söding [end] 294f, n. 68 [lit.]. For other exx. from the Gr-Rom. world s. Ltzm., exc. after 1 Cor 13; L-S-J-M; ACeresa-Gastaldo, Αγάπη nei documenti anteriori al NT: Aegyptus 31, ’51, 269–306, has a new pap and a new ins ex. fr. III A.D. secular sources; in RivFil 31, ’53, 347–56 the same author shows it restored in an ins of 27 B.C., but against C-G. s. lit. Söding 293, n. 57. In Jewish sources: LXX, esp. SSol, also pseudepigr., Philo, Deus Imm. 69; Just., D. 93, 4. Cp. ACarr, ET 10, 1899, 321–30. Its paucity in gener. Gk. lit. may be due to a presumed colloq. flavor of the noun (but s. IPontEux I, 359, 6 as parallel to 2 Cor 8:8 below). No such stigma attached to the use of the verb ἀγαπαω (q.v.).① the quality of warm regard for and interest in another, esteem, affection, regard, love (without limitation to very intimate relationships, and very seldom in general Greek of sexual attraction).ⓐ of human loveα. without indication of the pers. who is the object of interest (cp. Eccl 9:1, 6; Sir 48:11 v.l.): ἀ. as subj. ἡ ἀ. οἰκοδομεῖ 1 Cor 8:1.—13:4, 8 (on 1 Cor 13 see the comm. [Maxim Tyr. 20:2 praise of ἔρως what it is not and what it is; s. AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1911, 132–63, esp. 152f; ELehmann and AFridrichsen, 1 Cor 13 e. christl.-stoische Diatribe: StKr Sonderheft 1922, 55–95]; EHoffmann, Pauli Hymnus auf d. Liebe: Dtsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwiss. u. Geistesgesch. 4, 1926, 58–73; NLund, JBL 50, ’31, 266–76; GRudberg, Hellas och Nya Testamentet ’34, 149f; HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32, Nuntius 6, ’52, 47f); Phil 1:9. ἡ ἀ. κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται Ro 13:10; πλήρωμα νόμου ἡ ἀ. ibid.; ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀ. τ. πολλῶν Mt 24:12; ἡ ἀ. ἀνυπόκριτος let love be genuine Ro 12:9, cp. 2 Cor 6:6. As predicate 1 Ti 1:5; 1J 4:16b (cp. bα). As obj. ἀγάπην ἔχειν (Did., Gen. 221, 30) 1 Cor 13:1–3; Phil 2:2 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντες Just., D. 93, 4; διώκειν 1 Cor 14:1; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; ἐνδύσασθαι τὴν ἀ. Col 3:14. ἀφιέναι Rv 2:4.—2 Pt 1:7; Col 1:8. ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀ. 3J 6. Attributively in gen. case ὁ κόπος τῆς ἀ. 1 Th 1:3; τὸ τ. ὑμετέρας ἀ. γνήσιον the genuineness of your love 2 Cor 8:8. ἔνδειξις τῆς ἀ. vs. 24; cp. πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀ. Tit 2:10 v.l.—Hb 10:24; Phil 2:1; 1 Pt 5:14; 1 Cl 49:2.—In prep. phrases ἐξ ἀγάπης out of love Phil 1:16; παράκλησις ἐπὶ τῇ ἀ. σου comfort from your love Phlm 7; περιπατεῖν κατὰ ἀ., ἐν ἀ. Ro 14:15; Eph 5:2; ἐν ἀ. ἔρχεσθαι (opp. ἐν ῥάβδῳ) 1 Cor 4:21; ἀληθεύειν ἐν ἀ. Eph 4:15. Other verbal combinations w. ἐν ἀ., 1 Cor 16:14; Eph 3:17; 4:2; Col 2:2; 1 Th 5:13; cp. Eph 4:16 (on Eph 1:4 s. bα). ἐν τῇ ἀ. 1J 4:16b, 18. διὰ τῆς ἀ. δουλεύετε ἀλλήλοις Gal 5:13. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη 5:6. διὰ τὴν ἀ. παρακαλῶ for love’s sake I appeal Phlm 9. μετὰ ἀγάπης πολιτεύεσθαι live in love 1 Cl 51:2.—W. ἀλήθεια 2J 3; πίστις 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1 al. W. πίστις and other concepts on the same plane Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; s. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (cp. Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα μάλιστα κεκρατύνθω περὶ θεοῦ• πίστις, ἀλήθεια, ἔρως, ἐλπίς and s. Rtzst., Hist. Mon. 1916, 242ff, NGG 1916, 367ff; 1917, 130ff, Hist. Zeitschr. 116, 1916, 189ff; AHarnack, PJ 164, 1916, 5ff=Aus d. Friedens-u. Kriegsarbeit 1916, 1ff; PCorssen, Sokrates 7, 1919, 18ff; ABrieger, D. urchr. Trias Gl., Lbe, Hoff., diss. Heidelb. 1925; WTheiler, D. Vorbereitung d. Neuplatonismus 1930, 148f). W. δύναμις and σωφρονισμός 2 Ti 1:7. Cp. B 1:6.—Attributes of love: ἀνυπόκριτος Ro 12:9; 2 Cor 6:6. γνησία 1 Cl 62:2. φιλόθεος and φιλάνθρωπος Agr 7. σύμφωνος IEph 4:1 ἄοκνος IPol 7:2. ἐκτενής 1 Pt 4:8. It is a fruit of the Spirit καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος Gal 5:22, and takes first rank among the fruits. ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 15:30; cp. Col 1:8. Since the term denotes concern for another, the sense alms, charity ISm 6:2 is readily apparent (cp. ἀ. λαμβάνειν ‘receive alms’ PGen 14, 7).—ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν ἀδελφῶν the members greet you with love IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, cp. ITr 13:1; IRo 9:3. In these passages the object of the love is often made plain by the context; in others it isβ. expressly mentionedא. impers. ἀ. τῆς ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:10; ἀ. τῆς πατρίδος love for the homeland 1 Cl 55:5.ב. human beings ἀ. εἴς τινα love for someone εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους Eph 1:15; Col 1:4. εἰς ἀλλήλους καὶ εἰς πάντας 1 Th 3:12; 2 Th 1:3; cp. 2 Cor 2:4, 8; 1 Pt 4:8; 2J 6. ἐν ἀλλήλοις J 13:35. ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐν ὑμῖν 2 Cor 8:7; ἡ ἀ. μου μετὰ ὑμῶν 1 Cor 16:24.ג. God or Christ (πρὸς τὸν θεόν Orig., C. Cels. 3, 15, 12) ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ love toward God (but in many cases the gen. may be subjective) Lk 11:42; J 5:42; 2 Th 3:5; 1J 2:5, 15; 3:17; 4:12; 5:3; 2 Cor 7:1 P 46 (for φόβος); ἀ. εἰς θεὸν καὶ Χριστὸν καὶ εἰς τὸν πλησίον Pol 3:3; ἀ. εἰς τὸ ὄνομα θεοῦ Hb 6:10.ⓑ of the love of God and Christα. to humans. Of God (cp. Wsd 3:9): 1J 4:10; ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 4:9, 16. εἰς ἡμᾶς Ro 5:8, cp. vs. 5. τετελείωται ἡ ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν 1J 4:17 (s. HPreisker app. to HWindisch Comm. 167); ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἐν χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:39. ἀγάπην διδόναι bestow love 1J 3:1; ἐν ἀ. προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν Eph 1:4f: the rhythm of the passage suggests the believers as agents for ἀ. in vs. 4 (cp. vs. 15), but 2:4 favors God; s. the comm.—2 Cor 13:13; Jd 2 and 21. God is the source of love 1J 4:7, the θεὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:11, and therefore God is love 1J 4:8, 16. Christians, embraced by God’s love, are τέκνα ἀγάπης B 9:7; 21:9.—Of Jesus’ love J 15:9, 10a, 13 (s. MDibelius, Joh 15:13: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 168–86); 1J 3:16.—Ro 8:35; 2 Cor 5:14; cp. Eph 3:19. Perh. the ἀληθὴς ἀγάπη of Pol 1:1 is a designation of Jesus or his exemplary concern for others.β. of the relation betw. God and Christ J 15:10b; 17:26 (on the constr. cp. Pel.-Leg. 12, 21 ὁ πλοῦτος ὅν με ἐπλούτισεν ὁ σατανᾶς). τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀ. αὐτοῦ of the son of (God’s) love, i.e. of (God’s) beloved son Col 1:13 (s. PsSol 13:9 υἱὸς ἀγαπήσεως).—WLütgert, D. L. im NT 1905; BWarfield, PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203; JMoffatt, Love in the NT 1929; HPreisker, StKr 95, 1924, 272–94, D. urchr. Botschaft v. der L. Gottes 1930; RSchütz, D. Vorgeschichte der joh. Formel ὁ θεὸς ἀγ. ἐστίν diss. Kiel 1917; CBowen, Love in the Fourth Gosp.: JR 13, ’33, 39–49; GEichholz, Glaube u. L. im 1 J: EvTh ’37, 411–37. On ἔρως and ἀ. s. Harnack, SBBerlAk 1918, 81–94; ANygren, Eros u. Agape I 1930, II ’37 (Eng. tr. Agape and Eros, AHebert and PWatson ’32, ’39; on this JRobinson, Theology 48, ’45, 98–104); LGrünhut, Eros u. Ag. ’31. Cp. CTarelli, Ἀγάπη: JTS n.s. 1, ’50, 64–67; ELee, Love and Righteousness: ET 62, ’50/51, 28–31; AŠuštar, Verbum Domini 28, ’50, 110–19; 122–40; 193–213; 257–70; 321–40; TOhm, D. Liebe zu Gott in d. nichtchristl. Religionen, ’50; WHarrelson, The Idea of Agape: JR 31, ’51, 169–82; VWarnach, Agape: Die Liebe als Grundmotiv der ntl. Theol. 1951; JSteinmueller, Ἐρᾶν, Φιλεῖν, Ἀγαπᾶν in Extrabiblical and Bibl. Sources: Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 404–23.—Full bibliog. in HRiesenfeld, Étude bibliographique sur la notion biblique d’ ἀγάπη, surtout dans 1 Cor 13: ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32; s. also EDNT.② a common meal eaten by early Christians in connection with their worship, for the purpose of fostering and expressing mutual affection and concern, fellowship meal, a love-feast (the details are not discussed in the NT, although Paul implicitly refers to it 1 Cor 11:17ff; cp. D 9–10; s. also Pliny Ep. 10, 96, 7; AcPlTh 25 [Aa I 252]; Clem. Al., Paed. 2, 1, 4, Strom. 3, 2, 10; Pass. Perp. et Felic. 17, 1; Tertull., Apolog. 39, De Jejun. 17; Minucius Felix 31) Jd 12 (v.l. ἀπάταις; in 2 Pt 2:13 ἀγάπαις is v.l. for ἀπάταις; the same v.l. Eccl 9:6, where ἀπάτη in ms. S is meaningless: s. RSchütz, ZNW 18, 1918, 224; s. ἀγαπάω 3 on J 13:1, 34). ἀγάπη ἄφθαρτος IRo 7:3. ἀγάπην ποιεῖν hold a love-feast ISm 8:2, in both pass. w. prob. ref. to the eucharist (s. ἀγαπάω 2 and 3).—Meals accompanied by religious rites and in a religious context were conducted by various social groups among the Greeks from early times (s. Bauer’s Introduction, pp. xxvii–viii, above). A scholion on Pla. 122b says of such meals among the Lacedaemonians that they were called φιλίτια, because they φιλίας συναγωγά ἐστιν. Is ἀγ. perhaps a translation of φιλία into Christian terminology?—JKeating, The Ag. and the Eucharist in the Early Church 1901; HLeclercq, Dict. d’Arch. I 1903, 775–848; FFunk, Kirchengesch. Abhdlgen. 3, 1907, 1–41; EBaumgartner, Eucharistie u. Ag. im Urchr. 1909; RCole, Love Feasts, a History of the Christian Ag. 1916; GWetter, Altchr. Liturgien II 1921; HLietzmann, Messe u. Herrenmahl 1926 (on this ALoisy, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 77–95); KVölker, Mysterium u. Ag. 1927; DTambolleo, Le Agapi ’31; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos in Verbindung mit der altchristlichen Agapenfeier, ’51.—TSöding, Das Wortfeld der Liebe im paganen und biblischen Griechisch: ETL 68, ’92, 284–330.—DELG s.v. ἀγαπάω. M-M. TW. Spicq. TRE s.v. Liebe.
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